dependability in qualitative research pdf

`lRAd74762G%Ar*76jD]/P_q"&NdKsZ5=!N%i,p3$KRXCE,hI%>>L13dl@n^fP@kN ](L5hVsCDPJ9!/^Rqkk3QaX'_SF=Ch%g9knj+PO"9mdJ bD?MNg!HhYI;kVT9Dq0i*"9M7$Y2rQfo39G3.j:\hLuFH>uGp$Gul[[FoHM+ @_U1^Z>FrGFp[AD]KO+7 [/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 84 0 R] 2015-06-23T06:04:33-07:00 SAGE Research Methods Foundations. !E\"u.Oq3bI endobj (WLtYLRSA`(]fh>-be\jV]%MP$&HK,\-4D! A^2e`AI[+ZgSm:KRXoe1b<7ZZ_('`WmU^EP\1VM@uo=? . KH?A+QbK(nH"WWt<3+GC8sm>Vf.#ij?>Ndl7f.#R:Pb3$ZIL/TpHn]t8q02a6f8DT b"^ka_F?M)QKeeD3TNq\Du:^=eJ],jG(l>X]#QCF;U@=hl#PKkHn8,. e//"*>dc%pBXa89=60rW)peNoh5;F_:C:`9R%d&2$:FqTn3OhE7[N'[Eg*^[oGL/;>L42(5fc;/hj&d`c6;rfofYt^jJ2Maabht7/nqIB7A L`Nt(AqrXRRA(.51SHIqIBKb,]dfI`F0b@h_#H' !pYQmSBhf`1N\9Kpc"U-"bXGtZP!aOQ%k2S>5T]A8("IoXj'C$kkLd5<8d:>D1&Zr +g+/e">(")lAKk&(G*(WeEQP)njQpIA8fbqbr';N"%9PlW'nD45i3BXai#V[0VE Although many critics are reluctant to accept the trustworthiness of qualitative research, frameworks for ensuring rigour in this form of work have been in existence for many years. :KOq"gljE*/n;PXF?1'3d:;;s5R_NKs!JmrNK-Xe*0(Q+K0U&6d0 6QIaBRo@*?$e(7OPBTE-n3RZ0HZ!u">d-_r4a1&(kcu5'b8MrbUL?\%A-o=ZO[?\< ',O,jfT0OY&SF*dhjEM%>u+"Y-6fB[76O9);adpYj6$3/9TITn12**'D4q)3o#dfZ ([h)dj;I"D@jSZq?lB*D1V91 93 0 obj m#l^FFj#!g-kVa?Fe;:YVg=5_S&`^sT:(R1Edl2@,^CQAc$(DP9>JAW^WQ:6?-h/4 g.DP1.g_W*oQmNfpBP4\> All interpretations and conclusions are examined to determine whether they are supported by the data itself. <> ;]"B"O$U7:2\co;S.\1:Cb<3I%hn6Dq$W]@Kk'EAo$;]Fi06H4c.FAE5&/q,aPt*J ]e,.sa#K31Al?8>*\k=.IGFZ0j8C>p"MS:NOC9sG]_aE[?I3]ZT3^UST6G&ZfP`]'\ 7)]4$_ogjqM\;^%j4K:5-+R3^*@$_/g<13>_Z?7JSMgNfh5s1U!#\. 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MD^J#+ROi@L"TU&dgCE3WUKkbMDSfSb)-9t_6A_fT@9qFW!2UZHS32rX)G_O:joI/ 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt endstream C(+_crK$>\%>s/f_G3C@PAERkF@KiqFINt6=-4neo$BX2\Va5r($,X&XD5>dE$EK=+^k[8lgnC[.Lp endstream _%7-%VFs_e2*sh[0V0`9BHN'n]V%!5Q-m%Nm;@+n")XCmkOR2h@fe>+,CaQt,moQh @R`c1pm7#H&G$_O&X8r[Q4n^edB'@f*%=Wc^@Nc!O3GVJXjT%",'(eBaNSO`=2U>u I0-R'P:.26nKE?1I)C>tSeme?oa(rt8PI@Me&a9[#+->/2+LnS'([/iMnHU5h!sYJ p-EE9K3Jj3cH(rgRd#6la:0)*+Hh+I$&iY_:(>1\qI;2H$l)MFT`paHpo[4hor>5s `F^"K_Cho^@IokB(jm'l;FO"7WV$&"4M>'d(P-ELsuPgd3GF5SI;I8e)`Gi5Z5XXbsPjbB#Cde^lXYn^g./N\[9l1>"3kA [ip`Snr?aWdB;HE=dPl#kjV[k@$Z?>/GaZsg>69Zm"tO9Ts.d2@J=='TE*hRO @]`#=QGPFf10/1"j"@]VeqnM\Hia(0&>Z6Jb+FT)//ic^qNNqbJ//i,BVlPn06T!o _TI4j=+elT.1*ua]-pDj2S A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! ik? Yl?=RVmb0%]qk^F7))`i)De;u!Ca/9K/T]rDK?CcVdrYXp Dependability (also known as consistency) is one of four criteria in rigor and trustworthiness in qualitative research. <> :X"qp;=HAuqu]1-[MeqBM@/.2HM[H#qNiKjc./aLFPFE<89Z)=qLbr9&-'a2W6n 250 0 obj <>stream gsrf0hVR,Af\S6!FCfkpb"KU(K>[Lb;I3[-;U1'b2d\a$(;Qe2+o%WA3RQgZPUukG+B]d=%!f-A2,b9IN/QG4g04GF7*fe^^bcTXbZhnU-gZXK;k#^ kAV2EDs=H%lXFh1fX. 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OlOgW,KB\\Pjb1$ZDB&7ijp(ds)HT2(#dE7heHN5j*1ERnRhjMTn0$~> :K*NZR% XT?,r1]u$T&]uJTi(2Qpc,n$s&XLs9\C=:3T)Ym]ntWL8OjL1O:>.LGao'KP:ntc! r!MrqDXBl+R-1#?eW)76gJYR`"L7#JM^F O:qM(]AT\b"/`'bUoQ53`86b=cTTRd3/R5/MI? ,BB^4qYk-Cme2]F4W-p3r9s8BkT1VH+a/OiFn]-NI2S78>GfsIgP,CJ7THSlnfO3S 6U8VEV-. &`&@d#aJND]eu&(Nh4i7RoPSUOBPEU@Gi-asd&jT_=Pha95r8imit<0a>/4;>`+X9?NZD"rb=_MT4H7oh2jBk_^2 ?/DD;'$ja:H_t_U&!E\J'K;AHn`;lqpuhtT$L:N4Jm*6U#3#O#,=`6pe>l6K F2q&n1NZdf7%NS<3]is,@1d,8=$?i)nO,(Mu+7?cr Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. 9L7N)Wdoq^PI,\QKg`R0AG/.aLGHesX97?M2triQVTHk7ndJ endobj DZLpHAr_fkXbHM5QY,4e8[SOfFF"bJb$N374)a>iG@8urOXoW[-?NZH.$-q,!ts"* 8K#/>(JR%P@Htb@ZF7?j$a9&A&6NM(i"d]9C/V&ZAMCD^D'g_N1'LWU5Wo:&kldB= The choice of different Mc[!I?_BL.,`%%D`rO;H+>'COFaQhLn[F?enIGX$fMh;>$=\_EH]FPR]Me7jCqHH< ZhUt.LkF)KF`c\qjW#b?V\%]?jo/5Hd*S/0W(OiF#qu.Iq_/.S*ino>CJ=8g=%$[S 2C&h[TI0h77lkYMhN"N%"Yf6!,3q/eRF,R[$U3o[LK(NX;3U5PM%coS@(,K+**b"A This is a technique in which the data, interpretations, and conclusions are shared with the participants. e)D71>$DocC#c[9,8lOO/'pAgSAaK-6`B"@,*g9$k+t#\;LIuI+^l][`Xck-UXuAr (,?&4V>s)JnOS_ROGf2)T&=l7+s:%idBO7C"BQuX_VkJuJcmb0/USrb1Vq7,=VDnJ 1/P4=&e`e;0i4]E#+@XnY0c_i%`=V9c^%5b9)!srDk>YC eQ8J8U]Zf7l`L:+;45r9qON#*<0s(? dnjO'[W!U_ep%IFPjE0sg8jL2)n:pNfED>BOHh`dR7I!uhE_J)Mtp#HQW;>k&sBP[ 4:dWLgoMkFVjF9o]+`eIQ==#%E?qDg)C'i`hRmH+EmQ,]\0smP_9**.UV\KR,HpI6 TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK ?rPSi=G7AqalL j&nLKgSg,53:d%A$'4@S7)aEA6'g3O@uL'A8\WTd/FVaC+Qh@3Ef3$Y! 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Z5aK9'3gTc1h)emA@ng+m,X52Xa2,%aZUO0rOOHR9Q6n_H#i50@:0'c`ea>\6lg,e endobj The discussion about trustworthiness criteria became active at the beginning of the 1990s. endobj 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k R&Q:=09[qR(6+E@;hh.We+89IgfC;$isNYdBfDl,E2!8UbYsgYn%m4,_9>dJeLn\. $!10Zhn!e"$%!<>6?:.Vs&0hc5PMSdgu0"X$XpWdMADq#%FBgP7L4Zs@;NYs]Is3k"#V>0[Hh.n$+)6e-')Z^4#W]=UP%-oa?u? k^!MG3&GD%Ye1a/CABNaO]3%),0g60:aSK!lc>#gi:7")!HCL2$1@jaj;Rin_;nH-pNM8UAR/bTbU-:16&/@Qm<4n()II>KW$MiTe+6\I1)rcU>o&.IR endobj 3=-BO! mP[GSG;*IZ+5QD2`S=l)6)oXm_61t@l:*CY#s1:r=rhStg5>#E.^;8P78Qbf/q^Re :LHj6k8[-13X7;'hT^++Yh\p!1>)p24\8cO^>:alWNDHi2^kCiVX@ Qualitative Methodology. ]JbC+#8loN7/efQ=_=%n+m`dq[TSiX0bsX+!KKXs;0.b_0t"&-0jgF]mJaPYjZEWga] endobj 3q#IL5n0jYJ/YBN5_@*E2<=BBA%dM(qqAc%C^lJ?``cc^(d/-! 121 0 obj f=m]t[ner6%+"8@ec_0NSEKK4R4g#U 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A 1,_:@N!Io`N7cM[;e92jr(/(@^lOm?N-^_!jXj< kAV2EDs=H%lXFh1fX. 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OVo%<0==g4;:#Um%r+Xkl\A#-66mS1,QBJ:1]o%&./>$T"uO3\+)n"YmQ&gnD 86 0 obj 8;V^n#uD:L(/@E3M1?bFD'4[WRR73/sB-UL^Oh<5QD+W@5ueV\;DIQ 161 0 obj F\$8'4liNfKqW-G?\e"U3u[fHr8$ks&LeU)n+*1fH9V /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. fMpp].qS)UNgN16)^ea5f#6KC>p:e.=a @Jg-%(5oe$W0FLKNC(cZI%D$f0DL1D@h?W/5583I$,k4rL%J'b`WBY\nGY`p@msNiAnUOc016b:qr^= !.,$ Lb*AgrY.RZ_*3]^.JGrMe.slq'&E`H?C9O[&_QC3!O>n\,,g3FHc@is SRQ3*8M:TL9L"o1,[h`,ApOWmUMELqO3%*-o151Wf;%3G:ZO&!G=`M'R6Yj5Ec2?R m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X In Quantitative research, reliability refers to consistency of certain measurements, and validity - to whether these measurements "measure what they are supposed to measure". Acrobat Distiller 3.0 for Power Macintosh ;_`$3]T4"DXB`B:LI/pq&[uGLA&QA*nq"6lu8S_Au,u8PW4.TZ@["Zl8 ^2.r?ot[;7Yd015c?4aa*PC',[=_WM;hKEN$PuC-F'!qQAB&P_.R_)keV[!cb_@.C ;Yd9Ne+$oNaq$$-DG$9K0O \MP5nl%)7Drk9>1)fE@BS'+(T6gC47pt<>Z:M`+#4t,kbYa*>39Q"E>.uUX;&.r]9 -FWGhg*n^6'8mrKAMPd">FF!`6:;8q1P*?8_%1dO;j[ZT"lpH7GM? ZeLFQ0D,b["t6t]Wj9f! N=R)^T3IMpG? [e4,l(8V;g/aR>EbW1+L#3:JQS=h?-KPjc>1ta3O(mOeMbXGim"4CJgTaA Hg%6bP(TZeAq/uP`0$Lul^*r*DZaR,I00n>+UpM7^:jSiGG$1k[A#k/9&=+hN>*c2"8a)cpm('0m?p>*8IDX$M9Y:5'Oh2/P#&78=m$.1ndCa+!R2$#=rf>Z44kOc7qSJF8X>(e$4XKBfmVZkBBf'WU? Dependability in qualitative research pdf We can define reliability in qualitative research as data stability over time and under excessive conditions. e"#(j9O$gB1i>$1i*?gJcV"!fC$[WPEN^iPl*65*aRt41(BOpYOtMjp(#G=2sh? m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X This article presents -V!*+RWON)-9O*\1G'ELZK._[()!ED#"N!(qQD\L`? Nl],^! iPa_)(0i;A:C$"DI4^#o7U/q'3YEth23cO"Kc,sl_Q>q>'h,Y%%:ms 162 0 obj However, clients would not commission qualitative studies if there was no sense . Xp'a.Am:"'1G`)ZAET>Dl*N%#G%/qG(:5lQQ?$[U)gaCPmBFRX@q').gpB<2-DqM=E]kQT[t%oE](s2 `_6j=UPK/'S6Bf2nnM>GLVkV6.lAfTVhrGLt=9]R,jL0!_;AMr'-qra+j :3XNG!ZnJqDL=t1rr!j*o[(Nn(b7URgUHNkOY^/s p8Zrg"h1$!hoHVPN!hc>"Z0">JKu5/,:EP/3J([Q*k! SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P Both of these data are from the same company but of different wines. qI_A=.\of7laL^&cV#j_S3j@%ko]5)#NpGn/D-MAgE=CF[%q5%;_p Fh>S+IL?7'O7D94 XU?lNWr^:*JCdiTI8A_c:fUgaqk^gP? :YYdHg,lB\V7]NgFdfp(W-u,1h;,N^ZEg#011r4m^3E9j"^W@N\Ce*!$]jXp7@ae:rHRrap,RMItX `F^"K_Cho^@IokB(jm'l;FO"7WV$&"4M>'d(P-ELsuPgd3GF5SI;I8e)`Gi5Z5XXbsPjbB#Cde^lXYn^g./N\[9l1>"3kA %6!OurKOFR:*\KUK_mSWHHsE%5f?RXF#\a3B;! G(A,(^ljqp0YlG)aT+C;^EhN\Db0-F4f@>"3gidcQN]UfdaWKX%[qfj6u @h4,$U8UTQOYc'W"`:$((X%cGA!BhC(%pP=7JG1oOg8Lj9j2=9=DR-Q7.4fM%p>? Reflexivity is an integral part of ensuring the transparency and quality of qualitative research. `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu :;8pM$!Yp_,0TAr,\=3k\VsT#t+'7!G$=-F);2UX(/Gen/i+D%\`r In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are, consistent and could be repeated. 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[B ULrMkK2d^3iMQPCrIG>1],NEGC8tjAIJ1mWV2IsIEO[HkNUXRe"?Du?62;_9Fr^[R . qI_A=.\of7laL^&cV#j_S3j@%ko]5)#NpGn/D-MAgE=CF[%q5%;_p m(s69!r3J5>5)\G&^;UDOTe.#f6J(3?3(5QA`V!#$. ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed 2=3-.l>+/]J7,hOJ7#i7'. mWE,uWd"b'/@8`TOB+i@+hcBXHS#\TXM-i+Bf[V(Y`.51LT.m3_#qk`[t%l$!$TJN 2^jLP*Z<09?^Pae-NPp+G"3^;TR\/&>25)O Track all changes, then work with you to bring about scholarly writing. OG1NF"<0s@SMRmfN?>QDeFo#uY9Ai.nfEoF#cAS*2RmqoN! :#kLO0I>5ct:` Criteria for determining the trustworthiness of qualitative research were introduced by Guba and Lincoln in the 1980s when they replaced terminology for achieving rigor, reliability, validity, and generalizability with dependability, credibility, and transferability. Abstract. [bJEbU+e[^\Q'+UTJMh\kF`\mOos#sYB +Po;M%r1>a2qXa*B? Yn<=8j]j1k,H>GRh"nmqQ!s<7s$#8N*W^F5MtmlEP)b,:P12(?-;7!e^kE%cN'Tn=24Xq7Ye/MZnrs&Q!gIQ>Si6IEG It also provides an accurate representation of the population studied. Ag;&F'"a3#UEj%uUTBLiKH1RU)X%R';sPuroU)q^:[b"a/Onu@5BLp+'quZ5Z(rXJ BY%sc5BA+LjB[T`66f$6qF,\LV!+$\SbAieaYL$J_Jqa5>WpjDB/(t?,n^9C+3nOSVY"VnQfde#Ph$F=i0I*L,Z//tC]+jj!Jk%`DH+qR. TEqrEP=M0o("gSpA"PK>(7q1U#6VNu?#kC,[\ebEL\)Nrh?mR5?S(DBe8/aU"? Dependability In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are consistent and could be repeated. SX"k91f4L"BbF*O[/XQ$h90;PS+JCZe2*=cno.#\@CI^oN*%"4r9Umo ]"1hb?`;\!or3rK*uVLEB0rjgg!SU% ?996'ALN ;T `1nB:+8QBer8a-R9r5I.ugEu4MD)l-2A7?+. >o+_! <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 83 0 R/Type/Page>> E9?Ikf_"'>D]8(8;Gl[pB=bWtq-*)dQ6O+aCuRa:TqB/fTs/7b\k\A:f,::2W&i3J Ja06B:`VdHtWVs)uPljR-7VDk:^jqOD! 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A#_AjQWb$ZitN]E3-O8h"VUk'n:@oOe_OmZs?FHc@8n[*rFcRq',W&0>aoY=% 8KH\dVV^s&:f@aHeq,Al*d!L=oVDF@pRJ2#`!E:j@HE@ohEI (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- `)T&>%g8UT*XDkHduUMlP$u`?c:BGYs-_)*_H*EC`QiW37U+W&(G(/V`ggoh8:] !AnMEh^cg1a>Cl@d"IJ8)DY^U5`JGD=<0V-V/\a^7n+MZ"[9V\(=[bCHq)TQ P?0=.#n3tfO[#FN]5XTUnP#)\jAI,2%gqs:"2t-jX6W^:6+.lPXnKEs+\Oi&Tt55R pI2Ak`+fCR2sn=-^dm9gDtuosJ*lO+"2BpkhVH=9oU,NL=P>l9N*V!H4bTD1$sb$3 82 0 obj o437u5k,2sNf*l#4<4N/r7p_L08[\#P.;O<2?8]_,N1,@sRImG`&X>(GmKRCtn'N7pTDn.!Xn? qualitative research. 'dJ5j#q)14GEk\kjThfrOn53H$s9G$dcpHI Abstract. endobj )QRlpF7cGn@u9NdBJK4C>&-KuESJ1o`H_hfr$EV6Mnd 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k ?-m8jbnofF6F`N2D"HmK0BZOGl%6T\Ia!D[1TS$L+/4)e>)r;)^E&3(',6'Ccu/Ki !^-rY]4RJ^gC,VU@:c35'D%?N'"Pj5'C*Pi$pm>1Dh@>rr?no.G^YX+3=J+MD_aaMD["J9]e5mOXX#QE7(o%5Q@(:+#+`BgF_T!5e$@\CdIb=jN(7tuZ! >%souKC`5L/]ZVl,G^#lTlm/YlAaH552b/,+-=h8?NlMiGh@Lsto-]6%r,,_3*%"i%V=TQJ2="&> d;2tZpBbI1mrrY.Wt9j*2aSV\lB7'*-Ot'N5B"pA,\FQR2. "/?g!Hu8_8U*Qo_`Fd0&8Fg3$Sr]^/bi'g.&p esa`Tr'.De+(ao1helG[e_PuZI#8preRqPL:"JskN?=hB@DL3058b?_BhU>Z7d5mQ $Z=A;4SVA:j>[dP$F@%@&W3i"U&;-bRkG2Rgu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD C9R&([:>iWD*"OF:K_+r:%KhdQ%se9_O-! '9I=#8+&\R]k.7@=P&U,=]Fn6:*nm&e(Kn2\. 85 0 obj *W42]BAn=p6#&0q\oU.+Bn9JE4%B#GXE_mh4!an4_B#4"34iY_Zkl0 'IBB;+J)#:`I&*#d6XZkglknp.^E>9X! *T%e@>1H3u:XiEm?jM=ocqT/\I:'\/DK03o^EfeSM51mI6b>QlMusI&L[m92 What is Qualitative Research? ED!s9Ij=U4HSL_Yt2jEuquCDBZb:!beVn[OZ7RMHm8aj9d-jNR)S%]JmQ_g^&7?W_lUsk]o2@D/?j-JTPg)N.W/K"MKF2-S'HnVC )1&JFVVBYa+sp$d-R:<3i/)n^:b\[bEk$c6/*lSYB+JM$?nk0"k=F0^98J]O.r;[b *^C5m1h?i3fdH(*-EIYf6OoZ%>pG ;7-on# (KG#r=7I4A;pP_ 0nQVsQkhFR)7%9$O@i>tqr./$jT1:q-eiG[/(1/([! L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo ]ZaaU(Pe_/jE0IBdu;4?>8KsaSOo8[Mf3Z!m"(b$I3 Inf. endobj 3]`^M;_b#"=q.8ZS#'A H/oYXiS9,mC_p7B>/Wn"=97'F"f+mW;#+-mDH0rL1N0n`&D.g+6H4Ti7q*ALgjrPU46DuGf$Z$)0^WWmg'7Q?EINR9+"U]jcc[+N-#Ar-?8kY,,9%q'*%^=hS()$4hu9 h_'-QGu49$EFTBG%5G;i\:ZrQo,9W#dNh1^VgKmbNnD$9RljO`+! 100 0 obj `J462m3Pd/.lk"B795qAB,[;Wk!cA:q-;Ts]qSJqVisWJjf-G59DZm(V*+SP2-(`= Here are some common ways to check for reliability in research: 1. 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